Terpenes/terpenoids are a class of organic compounds widely found in plants and belong to the terpenoid class of compounds. They are known for their unique aroma and flavor and are often used in spices, essential oils and medicines. The basic structure of terpene is composed of isoprene units, each of which contains five carbon atoms. Terpenes/Terpenoids are classified mainly based on the length and composition of their carbon chains.
Classification
- Mono terpenes: contain 10 carbon atoms, such as limonene in orange oil.
- Sesqui terpenes: contain 15 carbon atoms, such as caryophyllene in lemon balm.
- Di terpenes: contain 20 carbon atoms, such as cedrene in cedar oil.
- Tri terpenes: contain 30 carbon atoms, such as saponins.
- Poly terpenes: contain more carbon atoms and form a complex structure.
Biosynthesis
Terpenes/Terpenoids are synthesized mainly through enzymatic reactions in plants from precursors such as isoprenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) and cinnamyl alcohol (GPP).
Functions and uses
Terpenes/Terpenoids play a major protective role in plants, such as protecting against pests and diseases and preventing water evaporation. They also have a wide range of applications in human life, including:
- Fragrances and flavors: used in food, cosmetics and aromatherapy.
- Pharmaceuticals: some terpene compounds have antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor properties.
- Industrial applications: as solvents, plasticizers and raw materials for industrial chemicals.
Reference
- Jiang, Zuodong, Chase Kempinski, and Joe Chappell. Extraction and analysis of terpenes/terpenoids. Current protocols in plant biology 2016, 1(2): 345-358.
Alfa Chemistry offers a wide range of Terpenes/Terpenoids/Terpenoids that are raw materials that can be added to functional foods or used as dietary supplements. Please do not hesitate to contact us with any questions.
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